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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
French naturalist (1744–1829)
Not to be confused with Jean Maximilien Lamarque.
"Lamarck" and "Lam." redirect here. For the crater, see Lamarck (crater). For the islands, see Lamarck Island. For other uses, see Lam.
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (;[1]French:[ʒɑ̃batistlamaʁk]), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biological evolution occurred and proceeded in accordance with natural laws.[3]
Lamarck fought in the Seven Years' War against Prussia, and was awarded a commission for bravery on the battlefield.[4] Posted to Monaco, Lamarck became interested in natural history and resolved to study medicine.[5] He retired from the army after being injured in 1766, and returned to his medical studies.[5] Lamarck developed a particular interest in botany, and later, after he published the three-volume work Flore françoise (1778), he gained
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Understanding Evolution
Darwin was not the first naturalist to propose that species changed over time into new species—that life, as we would say now, evolves. In the eighteenth century, Buffon and other naturalists began to introduce the idea that life might not have been fixed since creation. By the end of the 1700s, paleontologists had swelled the fossil collections of Europe, offering a picture of the past at odds with an unchanging natural world. And in 1801, a French naturalist named Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck took a great conceptual step and proposed a full-blown theory of evolution.
Lamarck started his scientific career as a botanist, but in 1793 he became one of the founding professors of the Musee National d’Histoire Naturelle as an expert on invertebrates. His work on classifying worms, spiders, molluscs, and other boneless creatures was far ahead of his time.
Change through use and disuse
Lamarck was struck by the similarities of many of the animals he studied, and was impressed too by the burgeoning fossil record. It le
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Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (August 1, 1744 – December 28, 1829) was a French naturalist and an early proponent of the idea that evolution (descent with modification) occurred and proceeded in accordance with natural laws. Lamarck, however, is remembered today mainly in connection with his now superseded theory of heredity, the "inheritance of acquired traits" (see Lamarckism).
In a wider context, Lamarckism remains of use when examining the evolution of cultures and ideas, is generally held in terms of some religious views on karma and inheritance of sin, and remains applicable to some extent for bacteria and microorganisms. In the case of religion, many traditions accept the view that there is an inheritance of acquired spiritual traits—that actions taken in one's life can be passed down in the form of spiritual merit or demerit to one's lineage. The concept of original sin visits the same issue, with the mistake of the original ancestors (Adam and Eve) being inherited by all humanity. (See Lamarckism and inheritance of acq
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