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The great, virtuoso mezzo-soprano Marilyn Horne first made a major international impact in opera when Igor Stravinsky invited her to perform at the Venice Festival in 1956. Despite this she insisted on spending three further years advancing her technique and widening her stylistic knowledge in the German repertory opera company of Gelsenkirchen, a sure sign of her search both for the meticulous technical perfectionism and exceptionally broad stylistic mastery that were to win her such great acclaim when, from the early 1960s, she became famous for her vocal virtuosity and artistic power in an extraordinary diversity of music.

Her huge dramatic and expressive range encompassed repertoire from the 17th to the late 20th Centuries with an outstanding mastery of Italian, German, French, Russian and English language works composed by, for instance, Monteverdi, Handel, Gluck, Mozart, Bellini, Rossini, Donizetti, Verdi, Puccini, Wagner, Bizet, Massenet, Strauss, Mahler, Berg, Stravinsky, Bernstein, Bolcom and Corigliano, to name just a few.

A commanding virtuoso as much in bel canto col

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Marilyn Horne was born on January 16, 1934, to Berneice and Bentz Horne in Bradford, Pennsylvania. The Horne household was always filled with music; Horne's father was a semi-professional singer and her mother sang and played piano. From an early age, Horne and her sister Gloria performed for their family. Horne's father began coaching Marilyn when he realized her perfect pitch and two and half octave range. She began formal vocal study at age five, and made her performing debut at a Bradford political rally for Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidential campaign, singing "Believe Me, If All Those Endearing Young Charms."

When Horne was eleven, she and her family moved across the country to Long Beach, California. At the age of thirteen Horne began singing with the Los Angeles Concert Youth Choir, under the direction of Robert Wagner. The Youth Choir, later re-named the Roger Wagner Chorale, provided Horne with lasting friendships and career-boosting contacts. During her time with the Chorale, Horne met and befriended Franklin D. Roosevelt's daughter. This connection provided Horne wit

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Marilyn Horne (b. January 16, 1934, Bradford, Pennsylvania, United States) is a mezzo-soprano who is particularly associated with the music of Rossini and Handel.

Horne was born in Bradford, Pennsylvania, but moved with her parents to Long Beach, California when she was 11. She studied voice under William Vennard at the University of Southern California and participated in Lotte Lehmann's vocal masterclasses.

Horne's first major professional engagement was in 1954, when she dubbed the singing voice of Dorothy Dandridge in the film Carmen Jones. Until that point, she had worked as a background singer for several TV sitcoms, as well as recorded covers of popular songs of the early 1950s. She made an appearance on The Odd Couple as a meek and nervous would-be singer, Jackie, who develops into a full-blown diva and essays the role of Carmen with brilliant results; she also sang on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. She made her Los Angeles debut the same year when she performed the role of Hata in The Bartered Bride with the Los Angeles Guild Opera.

Her first major